Determinants of Online Food Delivery(OFD) Sales during COVID-19

Purpose: The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 compelled consumers to abstain from dining out and instead use online food delivery (OFD) services. This study aims to examine the determinants of OFD sales in a restaurant during the COVID-19 crisis. Design/methodology/approach: We analyzed 139,812 restaurant-level credit card OFD transaction data from January 2019 to June 2020 in Seoul, South Korea. Findings: During COVID-19, many restaurants participated and experienced sales growth through the OFD platforms. On the demand side, the composition of customers using OFD services has changed, replacing the demand for dining out. Our estimation results show that the food category, customer composition ratio, and past performance significantly affected restaurants' OFD revenue during the pandemic. Research limitations/implications: The results suggest implications for the restaurant industry responding to chang-ing customer needs on OFD platforms. Restaurants with high-performing OFDs before the pandemic experienced higher sales during the pandemic period. The results imply that experiences to fit customers' needs toward OFD are likely to help restaurants overcome the losses incurred due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Originality/value: This study empirically revealed the effect of store category, past performance, demographic, and geographical customer profile on OFD demand for external shocks such as COVID-19. © The Author(s).

Determinants and Outcomes of Food Delivery App Engagement During COVID-19: A Study of Urban and Semi-Urban Customers

With the expansion of internet penetration and the adoption of mobile apps, usage of food delivery applications has increased significantly during the pandemic. The study's main objective was to examine the antecedents and consequences of food delivery app engagement among urban and semi-urban customers in India during COVID-19. The data were collected from 269 semi-urban respondents and 301 urban respondents. The stimulus organism and response (SOR) model has been used to understand consumers' antecedents and consequences of food delivery app engagement during the pandemic. The study used the structural equation modelling method to test the relationship between the variables. The study's findings showed that the mobile application's perceived ease of use, enjoyment, and time convenience found a significant effect among urban and semi-urban customers. This study is limited to urban and semi-urban customers with cross-sectional survey data. The study has explored a few antecedents and consequences of mobile food delivery app engagement.

Adoption of food delivery apps during a crisis: exploring an extended technology adoption model

Purpose: This study aims to provide insight into consumer behavior regarding the use of food delivery apps when making purchases. To investigate the primary elements affecting users' intentions to use meal delivery applications, this study suggests an extension to the technology acceptance model through some contextual variable such as "various food choices (VFC),” "trust (TRR),” "perception of COVID-19-related risks (PCR)” and "convenience (CONV)” during the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional data of 407 was collected in the Indian context. This research adopts the covariance-based structural modeling approach to test the hypotheses along with hierarchical regression to predict the efficiency of constructs. Findings: Considering the outcomes, "perceived usefulness (PU)” was positively influenced by "perceived ease of use (PEOU),” "VFC” and "CONV.” In addition, the attitude (ATT) was positively impacted by "PU,” "TRR” and "PEOU.” Nevertheless, "PCR” negatively influenced ATT. In additional, this research illustrates the positive impact of ATT and PU on behavioral intention to use. Originality/value: By confirming the technology acceptance model's capacity for explanation in relation to food delivery apps, this study adds to the body of knowledge. The primary focus of this study is on determining the direct impact of the identified determinants on the adoption of food delivery applications within the context of a pandemic situation in developing countries. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

An Empirical Study on Continuous Usage Intention of Food Delivery Apps

In with the spread of COVID-19, the use of technology-based services that minimize face-to-face is increasing. In this context, the food delivery app (FDA) is characterized by minimizing face-to-face contact in the process of consumers ordering and receiving food. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out the mechanism that affects the intention of continuous use based on PAM for FDA users. The study sample selected residents of Korea who were over 20 years of age and used the FDA at least once in the past three months. Data collection was carried out for about one month from January 18 to February 12, 2020. Structural equation model analysis was conducted using 261 of the collected data. The results are expected to add depth to the research field related to the app-based O2O service area, and to be used as data that can contribute to the establishment of platform business strategies. Copyright © 2022 IGI Global.

A Thematic Review on Using Food Delivery Services during the Pandemic: Insights for the Post-COVID-19 Era.

The food delivery service is the most typical and visible example of online-to-offline (O2O) commerce. More consumers are using food delivery services for various reasons during the COVID-19 pandemic, making this business model viral worldwide. In the post-pandemic era, offering food delivery services will become the new normal for restaurants. Although a growing number of publications have focused on consumer behavior in this issue, no review paper has addressed current research and industry trends. Thus, this paper aims to review the literature published from 2020 to the present (October 2022) on consumers' use of food delivery services during the pandemic. A thematic review was conducted, with 40 articles searched from Scopus and Web of Science being included. Quantitative findings showed current research trends, and thematic analyses formed eight themes of factors influencing consumer behavior: (1) technical and utilitarian factors, (2) system-related attributes, (3) emotional and hedonic factors, (4) individual characteristics, (5) service quality, (6) risk-related factors, (7) social factors, and (8) food-related attributes. The paper also emphasizes COVID-19-related influences and suggests promising future research directions. The results offer insights into industry practices and starting points for future research.

Application of the technology acceptance model to food delivery apps

Purpose>This study explores food delivery app users and technology acceptance model as a theoretical underpinning. This study thus investigated the determinants of usefulness, ease of use and intention to use for food delivery app service.Design/methodology/approach>The variables of delivery time, diverse menu, quarantine, review quality and ease of use are employed as determinants of usefulness. The antecedents of ease of use are easy registration and easy payment. This study also examined the association between ease of use, usefulness and intention to use. This study collected data using Amazon Mechanical Turk, and the number of valid observations for statistical analysis was 484. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.Findings>Regarding the results, usefulness was positively affected by delivery time, quarantine, review quality and ease of use. Additionally, ease of use was positively impacted by easy registration and easy payment. Finally, this study showed that ease of use positively affects both usefulness and intention to use, and usefulness is positively associated with intention to use.Originality/value>This study contributes to the literature by ensuring the explanatory power of technology acceptance model for food delivery app.

Factors Affecting Consumers' Decision to Use a Food Delivery Application Based on the Sharing Economy in Hanoi during the Covid Epidemic

In recent years, the epidemic situation has become complicated. Ordering food on online food delivery applications is no longer strange to consumers, especially in big cities like Hanoi. More and more food delivery applications appear with many things to attract consumers. However, not all consumers prefer and choose the right online food delivery apps;there are many reasons for that. Therefore, the study aims to determine the factors affecting the decision to use food delivery applications on the sharing economy platform of consumers in Hanoi. The study was carried out by surveying through detailed questionnaires. After collection, data will be coded, entered, cleaned, and processed by SPSS 20 software. Survey results from 301 consumers in Hanoi showed that four main factors influence: (1) Perceived benefit (combination of Perceived usefulness and Perceived ease of use), (2) Reliability, (3) Quality of application use, (4) Influence of society. From there, some managerial implications are given to improve the intention to use online food delivery applications and develop an online food delivery application model on the sharing economy platform. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Online Food Delivery App Distribution and Determinants of Jakarta's Gen Z Spending Habits

Purpose: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic and the increasing number of online food delivery applications (OFDA), this study aims to assess the distribution of the presence of Indonesian OFDA and to measure the factors that influence the spending habits of OFDA users. Research design, data and methodology: Two hundred and nine OFDA users from Jakarta's Generation Z were surveyed via a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling and SMART PLS 3.0. Results: OFDAs were introduced into Indonesia in the recent past with varying degrees of popularity determined by the number of downloads. Users' intention to use was not determined by the speed of the introduction of an OFDA. This study also reveals that previous experience of the service, the orientation of time and price savings had a significant effect on spending habits. A moderating role of the saving variable on time and price was not demonstrated. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that, in COVID-19 pandemic conditions, the spending habits of Generation Z are not based on impulse, thrift, or extravagance. The pandemic shaped specific motivations in spending habits, namely prioritizing need. This study has limitations, including the small sample size and the use of internal variables. © 2022. The Author(s). All Rights Reserved.

Analysis of the Consumer Behaviour Regarding the Use of Online Food Delivery Apps During Covid-19 Sanitary Restrictions in Portugal

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the consumer behaviour regarding the use of online food delivery apps during Covid-19 sanitary restrictions in Portugal. The study explores the behaviour of consumers towards digital food ordering and delivery services, and its impact in the restaurant industry. An online survey was applied, via email and social networks, for a period of 6 months. The questions were based mainly on consumers post-purchase behaviour and perceptions when using online food delivery apps during Covid-19 sanitary restriction in Portugal. In total, 258 valid responses were collected. The data was analysed using Microsoft Excel software. Findings suggest that lockdown, social distancing, and restrictions imposed to many activities, such as restaurants, lead to an increased use of Food Delivery App (FDA). Most respondents consider this increased use of FDA helped to maintain the activity of the food industry, and therefore to save many job positions at the restaurants. This research contributes to a better understanding of consumers behaviour towards the use of FDA and can provide a strategic contribution to restaurant managers and owners. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

An analysis of a third-party food delivery app during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose: The study aims to analyze guest comments on the Uber Eats food delivery app (FDA) in the USA during the April–June 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. Three aspects influencing customer satisfaction with the FDA were evaluated in this study: (1) performance on the app, (2) product quality and (3) service quality. Design/methodology/approach: One thousand customer comments posted on the Uber Eats Google Play app from April 1 to June 30, 2020 were analyzed in this study. The text mining technique was applied to discover the hidden, but meaningful patterns from the unstructured text. Content analysis was applied to systematically analyze the text into organized categories and themes. Findings: Among the three dimensions evaluated in this study, the most important dimension regarding customers' perceptions toward the FDA was the service quality dimension (40.02%), followed by the FDA's performance dimension (39.43%) and the product quality dimension (20.54%) was least important. Additionally, customers' perceptions towards the three dimensions were all unfavorable and there were more negative comments than the positive comments: FDAs (P/N = 0.728), product quality (P/N = 0.60) and service quality (P/N = 0.865). Originality/value: Previous studies investigating FDAs assessed solely the performance of the app. However, customers' experience of a food delivery service is comprised of multiple components including the app, the restaurant and the delivery driver. To fill the void, this study evaluated a third-party app performance, product quality and service quality to capture the totality of customers' food delivery service experience. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

What factors determining customer continuingly using food delivery apps during 2019 novel coronavirus pandemic period?

Food delivery apps (FDAs) as an emerging online-to-offline mobile technology, have been widely adopted by catering businesses and customers. Especially, as they have provided two-way beneficial catering delivery services in rescuing catering enterprises and satisfying customers' technological and mental exceptions under the COVID-19 global pandemic condition. This study proposes a comprehensive model integrating UTAUT, ECM and TTF with the trust factor and examines 532 valid FDA users' continuance intention of using FDAs during the COVID-19 pandemic period in China. The statistical results and discussions show that satisfaction is the most significant factor, and perceived task-technology fit, trust, performance expectancy, social influence and confirmation have direct or indirect positive impacts on users' continuance usage intention of FDAs during the COVID-19 pandemic period. In addition, relevant researches and stakeholders should consider the specific characteristic of technology being associated with users' technological and mental perceptions for better understanding and explaining users' continuance intention.